DEMLINE [Danube  East Mediterranean Line], established in Beirut in 1953, started out with one carrier, the S/S ANNOULA K. and by 1975 owned eight dry cargo vessels. Via the Danube ports of and Galati, DEMLINE ensured shipments of Jordanian phosphates from Beirut to and return consignments of general cargo for the East. By the late fifties, DEMLINE inaugurated new routes: its vessels called at and on a regular basis and crossed the Suez Canal to destinations

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Roll-on Roll-off (Ro-Ro) shipping refers to the carriage of wheeled cargo, as well as general cargo on wheels on board of vessels that are provided with a ramp allowing the cargo to be rolled (instead of lifted) on board, and vice versa.

Although the concept of Ro-Ro is particularly well established in passenger- and freight ferry short sea trades, the focus of this publication is on the carriage of breakbulk cargo in deep-sea trades.

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